Individual investors using margin trading in South Korea's stock market faced forced liquidations totaling an average of 527 milliards de won per day in June, as the KOSPI index fell to the 7 500 level, according to data released by the Financial Supervisory Service on July 8. The daily average forced liquidation amount surged 269% from 71 milliards de won at year-end 2025 to 262 milliards de won in March, then jumped another 101% to 527 milliards de won in June. Credit margin balances related to stocks reached 37,3 billions de won at the end of June, up 36,6% (10 billions de won) from 27,3 billions de won at year-end 2025. The spike in forced sell-offs occurred as leveraged individual investors betting on index gains were unable to meet collateral requirements when stock prices plummeted. The Bank of Korea warned that concentration in single-stock leveraged ETFs for Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix amplified market volatility through daily rebalancing mechanisms that intensify directional trading flows.
Forced Liquidations Surge 269% from Year-End 2025 to March
The Financial Supervisory Service reported that daily average forced liquidation amounts increased from 71 milliards de won at the end of the previous year to 262 milliards de won in March, representing a 269% surge. The figure continued climbing to 527 milliards de won in June, marking a 101% increase from the March level. These forced sell-offs occurred when investors using credit margin loans could not maintain required collateral ratios as stock prices dropped sharply. The KOSPI index, which had been approaching the 10 000-point level, recently experienced significant volatility and fell to the 7 500 range.
Credit Margin Balance Reaches 37,3 Billions de Won in June
Credit margin balances, representing loans taken out to purchase stocks, stood at 37,3 billions de won at the end of June. This figure increased by 36,6%, or 10 billions de won, compared to 27,3 billions de won at year-end 2025. The expansion in margin debt occurred as individual investors escalated leveraged investments anticipating further index gains. When stock prices declined abruptly, accounts unable to meet collateral requirements triggered mass forced liquidations at market open.
Single-Stock Leveraged ETFs Generate 8,9 Billions de Won Net Purchases
Between May 27 and June 22, individual investors recorded net purchases of 8,9 billions de won in single-stock leveraged ETFs. During the same period, the turnover rate reached 105,3%, with daily average trading volume totaling 9,6 billions de won, according to data from the Korea Exchange. The concentration of investment funds in recently listed Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix single-stock ETFs, combined with rebalancing activities, expanded market volatility. The Bank of Korea issued a warning that Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix single-stock leveraged ETFs could amplify trading concentration and stock price volatility.
Bank of Korea Warns Daily Rebalancing Amplifies Volatility
Single-stock leveraged ETFs are designed to track two or three times the daily return of underlying assets such as Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix. To maintain this tracking, fund managers perform "daily rebalancing" — adjusting positions in cash equities and futures near market close each day. The Bank of Korea stated in a response to an inquiry from Representative Park Seong-hoon of the People Power Party that "domestic stock market concentration in certain companies has significantly expanded due to recent strong semiconductor sector performance." The central bank analyzed that "under these conditions, single-stock leveraged ETFs can intensify one-directional trading concentration as inflows and outflows expand based on changes in related industry conditions or market expectations." This rebalancing mechanism creates a procyclical effect: on rising days, additional buy orders from leveraged ETFs concentrate near market close, expanding upward momentum, while on declining days, additional sell orders increase supply and deepen losses.
KOSPI Rebounds to 7 732 by 9:56 AM on July 8
The KOSPI opened at 7 452,48 on July 8, down 203,83 points (-2,66%) from the previous trading day. As of 9:56 AM, the index rebounded to 7 732,73, up 76,42 points (1,00%), according to the Korea Exchange.
FAQ
What caused the surge in forced liquidations in South Korea's stock market in June?
Forced liquidations surged to an average of 527 milliards de won per day in June as the KOSPI index fell to the 7 500 level. Individual investors using credit margin loans to purchase stocks were unable to meet collateral requirements when prices dropped sharply, triggering automatic sell-offs at market open. The Financial Supervisory Service reported that daily average forced liquidation amounts increased 269% from 71 milliards de won at year-end 2025 to 262 milliards de won in March, then jumped another 101% to 527 milliards de won in June.
How did single-stock leveraged ETFs contribute to market volatility between May 27 and June 22?
Individual investors recorded net purchases of 8,9 billions de won in single-stock leveraged ETFs between May 27 and June 22, with a turnover rate of 105,3% and daily average trading volume of 9,6 billions de won. The Bank of Korea warned that concentration in Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix single-stock leveraged ETFs amplified volatility through daily rebalancing mechanisms. This rebalancing creates a procyclical effect: on rising days, additional buy orders near market close expand upward momentum, while on declining days, additional sell orders deepen losses.
